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What is a spinal injection?
A spinal injection is a medical procedure used to relieve pain, particularly in conditions such as sciatica, discopathy, or chronic back pain. The procedure involves administering medication directly to the area near the spine (intervertebral joint, near a nerve, or sacroiliac joint) to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. The procedure also aims to improve mobility and enable the patient to begin rehabilitation.
Indications for a spinal injection
- Sciatica: Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, often caused by compression or irritation of nerve roots in the lumbar spine.
- Discopathy: Herniation of an intervertebral disc, which may compress nerves and cause severe pain.
- Spinal canal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots, resulting in pain, numbness, and muscle weakness.
- Post-surgery spinal pain: Persistent postoperative pain following spinal surgeries.
- Chronic lower back pain: Pain without a clearly defined cause.
- Pain radiating to the upper limbs: Often associated with cervical spine issues.
- Pain from degeneration or inflammation of intervertebral joints.
Types of injections
- Epidural injections: Medication is injected into the epidural space of the spine.
- Intervertebral joint injections: Medication is administered directly into the intervertebral joints.
- Nerve root blocks: Medication is injected near the nerve roots.
How to prepare for a spinal injection?
Proper preparation is crucial to ensure the procedure’s safety and effectiveness.
Consultation with a physician:
The doctor will thoroughly review the patient’s medical history, including prior procedures, surgeries, allergies, and current medications. Depending on the case, the physician may recommend imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to pinpoint the problem area.
Before the procedure:
The doctor may advise discontinuing certain medications, especially anticoagulants, to reduce the risk of bleeding. However, medications should not be stopped without medical advice.
The patient should avoid eating and drinking for at least several hours before the procedure. Specific guidelines depend on the procedure and the doctor’s recommendations.
If the patient is ill or has an infection, they should inform their doctor, as this may affect the decision to proceed with the procedure.
Procedure site preparation:
The skin at the injection site will be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
Before inserting the needle into the epidural space or other target area, the doctor will administer local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.
After the procedure:
The patient will be monitored for a short time to ensure there are no complications.
The doctor may advise avoiding certain physical activities for a period and adhering to recommendations for taking pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications.
Return home:
It is recommended that the patient arrange transportation home, as they may be unable to drive immediately after the procedure.
Follow-up visit:
The patient should schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the procedure's results and plan further treatment or rehabilitation.
The procedure: Spinal injection
Using a multi-plane fluoroscopic device with live imaging capability (C-arm), the physician identifies the site responsible for the pain. Maintaining constant radiological monitoring, the doctor inserts the needle into the predetermined area. During this time, the patient should remain still and respond to questions regarding any newly experienced pain. After administering the medication, the needle is removed, and the injection site is covered with a sterile dressing. Throughout the procedure, the patient is under the care of an anesthesiologist, ensuring they do not experience pain.
Does a spinal injection hurt?
Like most medical procedures, a spinal injection may involve some discomfort or pain, but these sensations are typically minimized with proper techniques and local anesthesia.
Post-procedure care
After a spinal injection, the patient should follow specific guidelines to achieve the best results and avoid potential complications.
Rest: Rest is recommended for the remainder of the day.
Avoid strenuous activities: Refrain from intense physical activity and heavy lifting.
Monitor symptoms: Watch for any symptoms such as increased pain, fever, redness, or swelling at the injection site. Contact a doctor immediately if these occur.
Medication adherence: Continue taking prescribed medications, such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs, as directed by the doctor.
Avoid heavy exertion: Avoid overloading the spine for a few days post-procedure. The doctor will usually recommend a gradual return to normal physical activity.
Rehabilitation: In some cases, the doctor may suggest starting a rehabilitation or physical therapy program to strengthen the back muscles and improve spinal mobility.
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